Docker基本命令

获取命令帮助

[root@localhost03 ~]# docker container help

Usage:  docker container COMMAND

Manage containers

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  inspect     Display detailed information on one or more containers
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  ls          List containers
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  prune       Remove all stopped containers
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  run         Run a command in a new container
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

常用命令

docker info #查看Docker信息

[root@localhost03 ~]# docker info
Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
  buildx: Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.5.1-docker)

Server:
 Containers: 4
  Running: 4
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 0
 Images: 2
 Server Version: 20.10.2
 Storage Driver: overlay2
  Backing Filesystem: xfs
  Supports d_type: true
  Native Overlay Diff: true
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Cgroup Version: 1
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: 269548fa27e0089a8b8278fc4fc781d7f65a939b
 runc version: ff819c7e9184c13b7c2607fe6c30ae19403a7aff
 init version: de40ad0
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: default
 Kernel Version: 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: x86_64
 CPUs: 8
 Total Memory: 31.25GiB
 Name: localhost03.abc.com
 ID: 3RAL:VLTG:CYYB:6QMI:LDVR:5IQV:ESZY:HFPB:2VLX:MSU4:A7JQ:3ASF
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: false
 HTTP Proxy: http://rcd.rtwork.win:7282/
 HTTPS Proxy: http://rcd.rtwork.win:7282/
 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Live Restore Enabled: false

docker —version # 查看版本

docker search nginx # 联网查询镜像

docker image ls # 查看当前系统中有哪些镜像

docker image pull nginx:latest # 下载镜像

--no-trunc #不要截断输出.

[root@localhost03 ~]# docker image ls --no-trunc
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID                                                                  CREATED        SIZE
nginx                 latest    sha256:d1a364dc548d5357f0da3268c888e1971bbdb957ee3f028fe7194f1d61c6fdee   9 days ago     133MB
ericwang2006/ttnode   latest    sha256:3ff94a452e165978fadbae30d3f445112d0abd829bad4369bb6ec835df43182c   12 days ago    108MB
portainer/agent       latest    sha256:c81206f03f4ab591bc8db5782d2a45d0546d5df9ba0ebb55e55fd33bf7f7aed7   4 months ago   94.8MB

容器的操作

docker command
        start   #启动一个停止的容器
        stop    #关闭容器     -15
        kill    #强制终止容器  -9
        run     #基于镜像启动容器
        pause   #暂停容器
        unpause #让一个暂停的容器继续运行   

docker ps -a 查看当前存在的容器,包括运行,停止,暂停的容器.

docker run command

-t, --tty   #打开容器的时候分配一个终端
-i, --interactive   #使用交互模式登陆容器
--name  #指定容器的名称
-d, --detach    #让容器工作在后台
--network   #让容器使用哪个网络 docker network ls 查看网络

容器的用户空间是靠一个进程生成的,这个进程就是运行在用户空间的哪个唯一进程PID为1如果这个进程被杀容器就停止了.

而且这个进程必须工作在前台.

查看容器的详细信息

docker container inspect box1

Usage: docker container inspect [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER…]

进入容器

docker exec -it ttnode1 /bin/bash 有些命令执行不了

Usage: docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG…]

docker attach ttnode1 退出后会导致容器停止

Usage: docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

docker container inspect -f {{.State.Pid}} ttnode1获取容器的名称空间

nsenter -t 6767 -u -i -n -p 直接进入容器的名称空间

[root@localhost03 ~]# nsenter --help

用法：
 nsenter [options] <program> [<argument>...]

Run a program with namespaces of other processes.

选项：
 -t, --target <pid>     要获取名字空间的目标进程
 -m, --mount[=<file>]   enter mount namespace
 -u, --uts[=<file>]     enter UTS namespace (hostname etc)
 -i, --ipc[=<file>]     enter System V IPC namespace
 -n, --net[=<file>]     enter network namespace
 -p, --pid[=<file>]     enter pid namespace
 -U, --user[=<file>]    enter user namespace
 -S, --setuid <uid>     set uid in entered namespace
 -G, --setgid <gid>     set gid in entered namespace
     --preserve-credentials do not touch uids or gids
 -r, --root[=<dir>]     set the root directory
 -w, --wd[=<dir>]       set the working directory
 -F, --no-fork          执行 <程序> 前不 fork
 -Z, --follow-context   set SELinux context according to --target PID

 -h, --help     显示此帮助并退出
 -V, --version  输出版本信息并退出

更多信息请参阅 nsenter(1)。

# 过滤获取PID(json数据可是用.来分割"{{.State.Pid}}")
[root@localhost03 ~]# docker container inspect -f "{{.State.Pid}}" ttnode2
4176

# 获取完整信息
[root@localhost03 ~]# docker container inspect ttnode2
[
    {
        "Id": "cfb8509cc36b3f094186e741b77751630e2bf705195fde0270b2958b690b6451",
        "Created": "2021-06-02T09:19:26.857895468Z",
        "Path": "/usr/node/start.sh",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 4176,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-06-02T09:19:27.31586878Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"

直接在容器中执行命令

docker run --name test2 mycentos:v1.8 ls /

# docker run --name test2 mycentos:v1.8 ls /
bin
data
dev
download
etc
home
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var

查看日志

docker logs -f ttnode1

Usage: docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER

导出镜像

docker save nginx:1.14-alpine > /home/nginx.14.tar.gz

Usage: docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

导入镜像

docker load < /home/nginx.14.tar.gz

Usage: docker load [OPTIONS]

容器删除

docker rm ttnode1 删除容器

docker rmi nginx 删除镜像

批量删除多个容器

docker rm $( docker ps -a -q)